Further readings
Below are further readings about Bayesian analysis and some examples of its use in medical research articles. You can dowload the .pdf file by clicking on the 📰 image.
Primers on Bayesian methods for biomedical scientists
📰 Jorge López Puga, Martin Krzywinski, and Naomi Altman, “Bayes’ Theorem,” Nature Methods 12, no. 4 (2015): 277–278, doi:10.1038/nmeth.3335.
📰 Jorge López Puga, Martin Krzywinski, and Naomi Altman, “Bayesian Statistics,” Nature Methods 12, no. 5 (2015): 377–378, doi:10.1038/nmeth.3368.
📰 Anna E. McGlothlin and Kert Viele, “Bayesian Hierarchical Models,” JAMA 320, no. 22 (2018): 2365, doi:10.1001/jama.2018.17977.
📰 Jasleen K. Grewal, Martin Krzywinski, and Naomi Altman, “Markov Models – Markov Chains,” Nature Methods 16, no. 8 (2019): 663–664, doi:10.1038/s41592-019-0476-x.
📰 Sean R Eddy, “What Is Bayesian Statistics?” Nature Biotechnology 22, no. 9 (2004): 1177–1178, doi:10.1038/nbt0904-1177.
Bayesian analysis in medical litterature
Bayesian reanalysis of a clinical trial
Original study
📰 Alain Combes et al., “Extracorporeal Membrane Oxygenation for Severe Acute Respiratory Distress Syndrome,” New England Journal of Medicine 378, no. 21 (2018): 1965–1975, doi:10.1056/NEJMoa1800385.
Bayesian reanalysis
📰 Ewan C. Goligher et al., “Extracorporeal Membrane Oxygenation for Severe Acute Respiratory Distress Syndrome and Posterior Probability of Mortality Benefit in a Post Hoc Bayesian Analysis of a Randomized Clinical Trial,” JAMA 320, no. 21 (2018): 2251, doi:10.1001/jama.2018.14276.
Bayesian meta-analysis
📰 Christian Röver, “Bayesian Random-Effects Meta-Analysis Using the Bayesmeta R Package,” Journal of Statistical Software 93 (2020): 1–51, doi:10.18637/jss.v093.i06.
📰 Nicola D Crins et al., “Interleukin-2 Receptor Antagonists for Pediatric Liver Transplant Recipients: A Systematic Review and Meta-Analysis of Controlled Studies,” Pediatric Transplantation 18, no. 8 (2014): 839–850, doi:10.1111/petr.12362.
📰 Shipra Arya, Todd A. Schwartz, and Amir A. Ghaferi, “Practical Guide to Meta-Analysis,” JAMA Surgery 155, no. 5 (2020): 430, doi:10.1001/jamasurg.2019.4523.
📰 Stylianos Serghiou and Steven N. Goodman, “Random-Effects Meta-Analysis: Summarizing Evidence With Caveats,” JAMA 321, no. 3 (2019): 301, doi:10.1001/jama.2018.19684.
Continuous Reassessment Methods (CRM) for dose finding
📰 Florentia Kaguelidou et al., “Dose-Finding Study of Omeprazole on Gastric pH in Neonates with Gastro-Esophageal Acid Reflux Using a Bayesian Sequential Approach,” ed. Imti Choonara, PLOS ONE 11, no. 12 (2016): e0166207, doi:10.1371/journal.pone.0166207.
Motivational examples
COVID-19 testing
📰 Chester B Good, Inmaculada Hernandez, and Kenneth Smith, “Interpreting COVID-19 Test Results: A Bayesian Approach,” Journal of General Internal Medicine 35 (2020): 2490–2491, doi:10.1007/s11606-020-05918-8.
📰 Andrew Gelman and Bob Carpenter, “Bayesian Analysis of Tests with Unknown Specificity and Sensitivity,” Journal of the Royal Statistical Society: Series C (Applied Statistics) 69, no. 5 (2020): 1269–1283, doi:10.1111/rssc.12435.
📰 Tom Chivers, “The Obscure Maths Theorem That Governs the Reliability of Covid Testing,” The Guardian (2021), https://www.theguardian.com/world/2021/apr/18/obscure-maths-bayes-theorem-reliability-covid-lateral-flow-tests-probability.
Clinical trial design
📰 Brett L Houston et al., “Anti-Thrombotic Therapy to Ameliorate Complications of COVID-19 (ATTACC): Study Design and Methodology for an International, Adaptive Bayesian Randomized Controlled Trial,” Clinical Trials 17, no. 5 (2020): 491–500, doi:10.1177/1740774520943846.
Study and trial analysis
📰 Fernando G Zampieri et al., “Using Bayesian Methods to Augment the Interpretation of Critical Care Trials. An Overview of Theory and Example Reanalysis of the Alveolar Recruitment for Acute Respiratory Distress Syndrome Trial,” American Journal of Respiratory and Critical Care Medicine 203, no. 5 (2021): 543–552, doi:10.1164/rccm.202006-2381CP.
📰 REMAP-CAP Investigators, “Interleukin-6 Receptor Antagonists in Critically Ill Patients with Covid-19,” New England Journal of Medicine 384, no. 16 (2021): 1491–1502, doi:10.1056/NEJMoa2100433.
📰 Fernando P Polack et al., “Safety and Efficacy of the BNT162b2 mRNA Covid-19 Vaccine,” New England Journal of Medicine 383, no. 27 (2020): 2603–2615, doi:10.1056/NEJMoa2034577.
📰 Anders Granholm et al., “Dexamethasone 12 Mg Versus 6 Mg for Patients with COVID-19 and Severe Hypoxaemia: A Pre-Planned, Secondary Bayesian Analysis of the COVID STEROID 2 Trial,” Intensive Care Medicine 48, no. 1 (2022): 45–55, doi:10.1007/s00134-021-06573-1.
Comment & response
📰 Roger J. Lewis and Derek C. Angus, “Time for Clinicians to Embrace Their Inner Bayesian?: Reanalysis of Results of a Clinical Trial of Extracorporeal Membrane Oxygenation,” JAMA 320, no. 21 (2018): 2208–2210, doi:10.1001/jama.2018.16916.
📰 Scott K. Aberegg, “Post Hoc Bayesian Analyses,” JAMA 321, no. 16 (2019): 1631–1632, doi:10.1001/jama.2019.1198. David Ferreira and Nicolas Meyer, “Post Hoc Bayesian Analyses,” JAMA 321, no. 16 (2019): 1632–1632, doi:10.1001/jama.2019.1194. Ewan C. Goligher, George Tomlinson, and Arthur S. Slutsky, “Post Hoc Bayesian Analyses—Reply,” JAMA 321, no. 16 (2019): 1632–1633, doi:10.1001/jama.2019.1202.